The Suriname flag was legally adopted on November 25, 1975, after the independence of Suriname. Before that, there were two different flags. The first flag represents Europeans, Africans, East Indians, Chinese, and Americans.
However, Suriname did not agree to the design of the first flag because it lacked national unity and was determined to design another flag through a national competition in 1959. , And the national emblem officially accepted by the Surinamese.
The flag of Suriname raised for the first time on the Independence Day of the Republic of Suriname.
In addition, there is a legal requirement for vessels to raise the Suriname flag when visiting another country, this is to reduce miscommunication between other countries.
The flag of Suriname proudly raised in the fight against violence against women in the Caribbean. It formed by a triple horizontal band of green (top and bottom) and red (double width) with a large white border and a large five-pointed yellow star in the center of the red bar.
History
In the eighteenth century, Queen Wilhelmina of the Kingdom of the Netherlands gave an important speech about the emergence of a new kingdom, Suriname, Suriname located in South America.
Suriname is popular for its ethnic diversity, religions, languages , and races, which are boosting the growth of the workforce and the workforce.
Africans were brought to Suriname as slaves by the Americans after the indigenous decline of Suriname. As the population of Suriname declined significantly, the Dutch faced labor shortages, so the Dutch brought Indians, Indonesians, Chinese, and Europeans forced laborers to Suriname.
However, slavery never ended until 1863. In addition, even if the countries brought to Suriname by the Dutch are not native to Suriname, Surinamese have equal rights to protect a common Suriname.
In addition, Suriname nationalists fought for the liberation of Suriname before Suriname liberated.
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Suriname Nationalists held parliamentary elections and used the decolonization method in 1949. In addition, 10 years after independence, the national anthem, the national flag, and a national arm legally created to summarize the country’s perfection.
Sranantongo is a language spoken by the Surinamese, which resembles the Dutch. However, in 1986, the Surinamese nationalist claimed that Sabani-Hindu and Suriname-Javanese the main languages used by the Surinamese.
However, Sranantongo is made as to their main language, as Surinamese nationalists have failed to make Sabani-Indo-Arabic and Suriname-Javanese the everyday language of Suriname.
Sranantongo is a language that was originally a combination of West African and English, which was later developed to include some components of French, Portuguese and Dutch.
After Suriname Independence Day in November 1975, the social, political, and management economy of Suriname is still under Dutch control. In addition, Chin A Sen (1980-1982), a foreign policy adviser and political scientist, argued that Suriname’s independence was only a symbol of “waving the flag” without the Surinamese interfering in the Netherlands. However, on February 25, 1980, relations with the Netherlands ended, where military leader Desi Butters was elected.
Meaning and colors
In 1959, the first national flag of Suriname was designed to represent Europeans, Africans, East Indians, Chinese and Americans. However, Suriname did not agree with the plan because it did not represent the unity of one country.
The first flag consisted of five different colored stars black (African), brown (Indians), yellow (Javanese and Chinese), red (American Indians), and whites (Europeans) with a black ellipse on a white background. it was clear.
The second flag was designed as a result of a national competition and was accepted by Parin Suriname in 1975. Jack Pinas, an art teacher, union leader, and graphic designer who worked for the National Planning Office for 25 years, won the competition. However, changes were made to the Pinas design.
Jack was a member of the Suriname Nationalist Republican Party. The ellipse represented a harmonious relationship between the groups.
Also, the green horizontal bar above and below the flag shows the richness of the country in agricultural lands. The white horizontal bar represents freedom and independence, and the red color symbolizes the energy of younger people.
Finally, the star in the middle of the flag shows the sacrifices made for Suriname’s independence.
These five points represent ethnic groups that include East Indians, Africans, Chinese, Europeans, and Americans. Suriname political parties are represented in the various colors used.
Suriname Flag Color Codes
Coat of arms
In 1770, the emblem belonged to the city of Amsterdam. However, in 1975, the year of Suriname’s independence, Suriname introduced a new emblem to acknowledge and respect the indigenous population. This includes the two Arawak Indians, which represent the unity of the natives.
The bright yellow star in the center is a symbol of the countries that have migrated to Suriname, including the United States, Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. The green diamond shape in the middle is a deer logo.
In addition, an oval shield divided into two parts shows a boat on the left and a rainforest on the right.
The boat on the left shows the history of slavery in Suriname who migrated from Africa. In addition, the right side of the shield is a symbol of justice. At the bottom, below the oval shield, is a banner containing “JUSTITIA PIETAS FIDES”.
Justitia means “justified”, where Pietas means fidelity to God, family, and country, and finally, Fides means fidelity to commitment. In 1682, the Cat of Suriname still belonged to the Dutch West India Company, until Suriname founded the “Suriname Society” in 1683.
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The Republic of Suriname
Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in North and South America. It is the smallest country in South America in terms of population and area. Suriname borders Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north.
The country has been occupied by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the past and was known as the Guyana of the Netherlands, but in 1975 the country became truly independent.
The northern part is a lowland coastal area where agriculture is common and in a good position to accommodate the largest population of Suriname. In the southern part of the country, tropical forests can be seen.
History
Native Americans from the Arawak and Caribbean tribes were the first to settle in Suriname in 3,000 BC. In the seventeenth century, the British and Dutch made many attempts to colonize Suriname, which eventually gave the Netherlands lasting control.
The Netherlands, and consequently Suriname, had a slave labor system, most of whom were of African descent.
These slaves abused a lot, which caused many slaves to flee to the forest. These Maroons (also known as “Jukas” or “Nakab Bakabusi”) often returned and attacked farms. The slave-labor system abolished in 1863, making it the last European country to do so.
After that, workers came to work in the East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). Suriname came to power in 1954, although defense and foreign relations were under Dutch control. In 1973, the local government led by the NPK (a party of different races) began negotiations with the Dutch government on independence, and on November 25, 1975, it became independent.
The country’s first president was Johann Freer, and his prime minister was Hank Aaron (leader of the Suriname National Party).
About a third of the population immigrated to the Netherlands for fear of the new country failing to manage its affairs.
A series of military coups in 1980 clouded relations between the Netherlands and Suriname, but elections held, and a new constitution written in 1987. A coup in 1990 upset the order again, but elections held again in 1991.
With the advent of democracy, the Netherlands resumed its aid. Since 1990, the Newfound Alliance of Four Parties, led by Ronald Wischian, has held power. In recent years, economic development has been a major issue for the Suriname government.
Economy
Suriname’s economy affected by the bauxite industry, which accounts for more than 15% of GDP and 70% of export earnings. Other export items include sugar, and Suriname has oil and gold reserves.
About a quarter of the population works in agriculture. Suriname’s economy is highly dependent on other countries and trades mainly with the Netherlands, the United States, and other Caribbean countries.
After taking power in the fall of 1996, the Widenbush administration halted all of the previous administration’s structural programs on the pretext of being unfair to the poor.
In 1997, the allocation of capital to the development of Dutch organizations declined and relations between the two countries deteriorated. Economic growth slowed in 1998 with the decline of the mining, construction, and public services sectors.
Common government spending, low taxes, poor municipal services, and declining foreign aid in 1999 led to financial problems and a 11% drop in GDP. The government decided to make up for these financial shortfalls by printing banknotes, which led to a sharp rise in inflation and a decrease in the exchange rate.
People
41% of Suriname people are Christians, 40% are Hindus and 13% are Muslims.
Suriname’s population of 470,784 is of different races. East Indians (called Hindustan in the local language) make up 37% of the population. These are the descendants of immigrants who came to Suriname from India in the 19th century.
These are natives of Bihar Province in eastern India, Uttar Pradesh in northern India, and along the Nepal border. The Maronites (descendants of African runaway slaves) makeup 10% of the population and are five main groups: the Ausanians, the Koniti, Malawi, the Paramasans, and the Saramasans.
Native Americans makeup only 3% of the population (in some sources 1%) and include the major groups Acreiro, Aruac, Caribbean / Kalina, Trio, and Vaiana. The rest of the population made up of Chinese, Europeans, and Brazilians who have come to work in Suriname.
A small number of Jews, or about 200 Sephardic descendants, also live in the country. They often live in Paramaribo, and the International Jewish Congress has been meeting their needs since 1980.
In the past, there was a self-governing area in Suriname, 7Judensavane, which was the largest Jewish community in the Western Hemisphere in the mid-17th century.
There is no single religion in the country due to the existence of different races. Most Indians are Hindu, but some have converted to Islam and Christianity.
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Christianity is prevalent in both Catholic and Protestant denominations among the people of Kryavio and Maron. Dutch is the official language of the people of Suriname. The people of Suriname also speak the local language: Seranatungo (also known as Suriname).
There are also the original Caribbean and Arawak languages spoken by the Indians of Suriname, the Maronites, the Aushans, and the Saramasans.
The second main language of the people is Hindi Sarnami, which is a form of Bihari and a dialect of modern Hindi. In addition, English and Spanish are used especially in shops and tourist attractions.
Geography
Suriname is the smallest independent country in South America. Suriname is the smallest country in South America in terms of population and area. Located on the geographical layer of Guyana, the country has two main geographical parts.
The northern part is the coastal lowlands (approximately above the Albina-Paranامm-Wageningen line) where agriculture practiced and most of the population lives in this part.
The southern part made up of tropical rainforests that scattered along the Brazilian border, inhabited by savannas that cover about 80% of Suriname’s land area.
There are two main mountain ranges in Suriname: the Bakhuis Mountains and the Van Ach Van Wick Mountains and Juliana Peak, the highest mountain in the country at 1,286 meters above sea level. Other mountains include Toffelberg (1026 m), Casikasim (718 m), Goliathberg (358 m), and Voltzberg (240 m).
Located along the equator, Suriname has a temperate climate and the temperature does not change much throughout the year. It has two rainy seasons each year.
In the northeast of the country is Lake Van Bloemstein Mir, one of the largest lakes in the world. The lake created with the construction of the Afobaka Dam, which provides the hydroelectric power needed.
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